Particle Swarm Method for Optimization of ATIG Welding Process to Joint Mild Steel to 316L Stainless Steel

316L stainless steel joined to mild is widespread in several applications reach a requested good association of mechanical properties at lower cost. The activating tungsten inert gas (ATIG) weld was carried out using modified flux composed 76.63% SiO2 + 13.37% Cr2O3 10% NaF meet standard recommendations terms limiting the root penetration. Modified optimal gave depth penetration 1.84 times greater than that conventional (TIG) welds and up 0.8 mm. microstructure dissimilar joints investigated scanning electron microscope EDS analysis. were not affected by flux. results show energy absorbed fusion zone case ATIG (239 J/cm2) TIG (216 J/cm2). It found bead obtained with combination welding can better withstand sudden loads. UTS value (377 MPa) for close (376 MPa). average Vickers hardness readings are 277 HV, compared 252 HV welding.